Invest Europe

State aid

Key policy areas

11 Aug 2023

The two most relevant state aid frameworks are the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER) and the Risk Finance Guidelines.

Th Kpi C 1

The GBER exempts risk finance measures of up to 15 million per SME from prior scrutiny by the European Commission. Meanwhile, the Risk Finance Guidelines, aimed at SMEs and mid-caps with high growth potential, establish state aid conditions for amounts above 15 million.

These frameworks - along with the Temporary State Aid Exemption framework, have been particularly relevant to determine whether or not private equity backed firms could access public support during the Covid-19 pandemic. 

Revised Risk Finance Guidelines have been published on 6 December 2021 - the main change of relevance from a venture capital perspective is the increased flexibility for businesses of a certain age to remain eligible to risk finance aid. The GBER was revised most recently in July 2023.  

How does it affect private equity?

Around 85% of the companies in which private equity invests are small and medium-sized enterprises ("SMEs"). Private equity cares deeply about creating the right environment for European companies to flourish. Creating a competitive and investment-friendly ecosystem, including a robust state aid framework is an important cornerstone in this regard.

State aid library

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20260702-Invest-Europe-response-GBER-targeted-survey

Response to the Commission’s targeted survey on simplifying the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)

Positions & consultation responses

02 Jul 2026

Position on the draft 2027-2034 General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)

Position on the draft 2027-2034 General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)

Positions & consultation responses

17 Apr 2026

Th Kpi C Public Support

Response to the European Commission Consultation on the Rescue and Restructuring Guidelines

Positions & consultation responses

13 Nov 2025

Th Kpi C Public Support

Response to the European Commission Consultation on the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)

Positions & consultation responses

29 Sep 2025

Th Private Equity Activity 2018

Statement on Implementing Regulation of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation

Positions & consultation responses

14 Jul 2023

PA guides

Response to FSR Draft Implementing Regulation

Positions & consultation responses

06 Mar 2023

Th Kpi C Public Support

Response to EC Consultation on State aid – exemptions for small amounts of aid

Positions & consultation responses

03 Jan 2023

Th Kpi C Corporate Regulation

MEMBER ONLY

Foreign Direct Investments Guide

Member guides

15 Sep 2022

Th Kpi C Corporate Regulation

Response to EC Consultation on General Block Exemption Rule

Positions & consultation responses

09 Dec 2021

Th Kpi C Public Support

Response to EC Consultation on Risk Finance Guidelines (1)

Positions & consultation responses

15 Jul 2021

Th Kpi C Investor Regulation

Response to EC Consultation on SME Referral Scheme

Positions & consultation responses

30 Apr 2021

Th Kpi C Public Support

Response to EC Consultation on Risk Finance Guidelines

Positions & consultation responses

11 Jan 2021

Th Kpi C Eu Supervision

Comment Letter on changes to EU State Aid Temporary Framework

Positions & consultation responses

30 Jun 2020

Th Kpi C Corporate Regulation

Letter on state aid issues related to SME Definition

Positions & consultation responses

28 Apr 2020

Th Kpi C Corporate Regulation

Letter on definition of undertakings in difficulties in a state aid context

Positions & consultation responses

28 Apr 2020

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